This study describes the development of a surgeon-specific surveillance metric program for breast surgical care. Substantive changes were seen at the individual surgeon level and institutional level during the first 7 years of implementation.

This study assessed efficacy and safety of pralsetinib in Chinese patients with RET fusion-positive non–small cell lung cancer who had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy (n = 37) or were treatment-naïve (n = 31). Pralsetinib has demonstrated a robust, rapid antitumor activity and an overall well-tolerated safety profile in Chinese patients with RET fusion–positive non–small cell lung cancer.

Annual spending attributable to metastatic prostate cancer was $55,949 per person-year in the population covered by commercial insurance and $43,682 in the population covered by employer-sponsored Medicare supplement plans, both in 2019 US dollars. These estimates can improve the precision of value assessments of clinical and policy approaches to the prevention, screening, and treatment of prostate cancer in the United States.

This was a retrospective, Canadian-led, international, multi-institutional analysis of 621 patients with low or intermediate grade salivary gland cancer of the parotid or submandibular gland, of whom 309 patients (49.8%) received postoperative radiation therapy. In regression analysis, postoperative radiation therapy was an independent protective factor against locoregional recurrence with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.29–0.97).

Despite advancements in treatment, metastatic uveal melanoma outcomes remain poor. Female sex, higher baseline performance status, extrahepatic-only metastases, and immune checkpoint therapy are associated with improved survival.

In the present study, individual participant data meta-analyses were conducted to test the associations between anxiety, depression, and the incidence of cancer. Results indicated that depression and anxiety were not associated with an increased risk for cancer, nor when looking at most specific types. The exception to this was lung cancer and smoking-related cancers; however, this association was substantially reduced when adjusting for several health behaviors.

We investigated whether birth defects (like congenital heart disease or Down syndrome) are linked to childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs), cancers that mainly develop in the ovaries or testes. We studied different types of birth defects (defects that were caused by chromosome changes like Down syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome, and defects that were not) and different types of GCTs. Only chromosome changes like Down syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome were linked to GCTs. Our study suggests that most children with birth defects are not at increased risk of germ cell tumors, because most birth defects are not caused by chromosome changes.

This study analyzed 180 groundwater exposures in California and used a water-wide association study (WWAS) platform, based on XWAS methodology, to identify associations between groundwater exposures and kidney cancer incidence. Results revealed 13 groundwater constituents meeting stringent WWAS criteria, with seven directly linked to increased kidney cancer incidence, suggesting that public health efforts should consider environmental exposures that may be associated with the incidence of kidney cancer.

Although patients aged 65 years and older represent greater than 50% of the global population of patients with cancer, they remain under-represented in clinical trials. Significant differences in progression-free survival and overall survival among patients aged 65 years or older versus those younger than 65 years were uncommon in individual trials, and there was no difference in overall survival after pooling across all studies.

This retrospective, population-based study of 41,735 men undergoing definitive radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer in a national health care delivery system examined survival outcomes with contemporary treatment. In this cohort, survival outcomes, including metastasis-free survival as determined by a novel natural language processing algorithm, are improved compared with historical studies and are comparable to those reported on contemporary clinical trials.

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is becoming more prevalent in the general population, although data are sparse for cancer survivors, particularly African Americans. Here, the authors report estimates of e-cigarette use in African American cancer survivors and note an association with younger age and use of combustible cigarettes. Additionally, for some cancer types, ever use of e-cigarettes may be associated with advanced stage at diagnosis.